Journal of Ecology Conservation and Environment

Effectiveness of Community-Based Forest Management in The Economic Perspective of Natural Resources and The Environment

Eef Kurneva Abdiawan — 2026-05-14

This paper examines the effectiveness of community-based forest management (CBFRM) in the Air Ketahun Limited Production Forest (HPT) Area in Gembung Tengah Hamlet, Tanjung Kemayan Village, Napal Putih District, North Bengkulu Regency. Using a mixed-methods approach that combines qualitative institutional and quantitative economic analysis, this study aims to (1) describe the actual conditions of Air Ketahun HPT management, (2) analyze the effectiveness of community-based forest management institutions, (3) calculate the estimated total economic value (NET) of the area, and (4) identify the environmental impacts of the applied management patterns. The results show that the Village Forest Management Institution (KTH) operating in the Air Ketahun HPT area has achieved an institutional effectiveness level of 68.5% based on a multi-criteria evaluation matrix. The total economic value of the area is estimated to reach IDR 2.87 billion per year, which includes direct use values (timber and non-timber), indirect use values (ecosystem services), and existence value. Ecologically, the Air Ketahun HPT area remains in relatively good condition with 76% canopy cover, but several areas require rehabilitation due to pressure from illegal activities in the buffer zone. Community-based management has proven more effective in maintaining the area's sustainability than conventional management practices, primarily due to the persistence of local wisdom and a strong sense of belonging among the surrounding communities. This paper recommends strengthening institutional capacity, increasing market access for non-timber forest products, and strengthening synergy between local governments, state-owned forestry enterprises, and local communities.

The Effectiveness of Community-Based Conservation Area Management Policies in Reducing the Rate of Forest Encroachment in Indonesia

Ahmad Walid — 2026-05-01

Forest encroachment remains one of the primary threats to the integrity of conservation areas in Indonesia. The Community-Based Conservation (CBC) approach is believed to reduce pressure on forest areas while improving the welfare of local communities. However, the effectiveness of CBC policies in Indonesia has not been comprehensively and systematically evaluated. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of CBC policy implementation in reducing forest encroachment rates in Indonesia using a meta-analysis of 42 case studies across 14 provinces for the period 2010-2024. Quantitative forest encroachment data were obtained from Landsat and MODIS satellite imagery, while policy data were compiled from official government documents and program evaluation reports. Results show that conservation areas with active CBC schemes experienced an average reduction in encroachment rates of 47.3% compared to areas without CBC (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 38.2-56.4%). Key success factors include strength of local institutions, clarity of area boundaries, availability of alternative livelihoods, and intensity of government facilitation. Conversely, CBC failures were predominantly caused by weak cross-sectoral coordination, unclear tenure rights, and insufficient sustainable funding. These findings imply the need for conservation policy reform that better accommodates indigenous and local community roles, with strengthened tenure aspects and long-term financing

Analysis of the Availability and Distribution of Forestry Seeds to Support Sustainable Development and Ecological Sustainability of Forest Rehabilitation Programs in Bengkulu Province

Helen Voviarti Voviarti — 2026-05-01

The availability of quality forestry seeds and an efficient distribution system are key factors in supporting the success of the Forest and Land Rehabilitation (RHL) program. This study aims to analyze seed availability, distribution patterns, and various challenges in the forestry seed system in Bengkulu Province. The approach used is a literature study with descriptive analysis based on secondary data sourced from government agency reports and scientific publications.The study results indicate that Bengkulu Province has significant forest resource potential, but the availability of quality seeds remains inadequate and their distribution is uneven. The Community Seed Garden (KBR) program has contributed to the provision of seeds, although it still faces various obstacles, such as logistical and institutional constraints, and limited certified seeds. Therefore, strengthening the seed system based on local seed sources, accompanied by increasing institutional capacity, is a strategic step to support sustainable development and maintain the sustainability of ecological functions.

Implementation of the Green Campus Concept in Indonesian PTKIN: A Systematic Literature Review Based on UI GreenMetric and Integration of Islamic Values

Zakhi Restu Pratama — 2026-04-27

State Islamic Religious Higher Education Institutions (PTKIN) in Indonesia face a dual challenge in implementing the green campus concept: complying with global environmental sustainability standards while integrating Islamic values into institutional environmental governance. This article analyzes the extent to which PTKINs have implemented the green campus concept based on the six criteria of the UI GreenMetric World University Ranking, identifies driving and inhibiting factors, and explores the relevance of Islamic values as an ethical and motivational foundation. The methodology employed is a systematic literature review (SLR) guided by the PRISMA 2020 framework (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), encompassing 25 selected peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025. The findings indicate that PTKINs particularly UIN Walisongo Semarang and UIN Raden Intan Lampung have achieved notable rankings in the UI GreenMetric, yet significant gaps persist in energy management, water conservation, and sustainable transportation. Islamic values, including the concepts of khalifah fil ardh (vicegerency), hifz al-bi'ah (environmental protection), and the prohibition of israf (wastefulness), have proven to serve as strong motivational drivers for pro-environmental behavior among university communities. This article recommends the systematic institutionalization of Islamic values within PTKIN green campus policies as a distinctive comparative advantage in the global sustainability discourse.

Carbon Footprint Analysis in the Palm Oil Agroindustry Supply Chain in Bengkulu Province Using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Approach

Iman Darmatama — 2026-04-27

The palm oil industry is a strategic sector that significantly contributes to the national economy; however, it is also a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study aims to identify emission sources, quantify the carbon footprint, and formulate mitigation strategies within the palm oil agroindustry supply chain in Bengkulu Province using a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach with a cradle-to-gate system boundary. The analysis covers the cultivation stage, transportation of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB), and processing into Crude Palm Oil (CPO). The study utilizes secondary data from 2018–2025 obtained from statistical agencies, plantation offices, and scientific literature, with emission factors based on IPCC guidelines. The results indicate that total emissions reach 454.4 kg CO₂-eq per ton of FFB or equivalent to 2,065 kg CO₂-eq per ton of CPO. The processing stage is identified as the largest contributor (59.1%), primarily driven by methane emissions from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME), followed by the cultivation stage (38.1%) due to nitrogen fertilizer application, while transportation contributes only 2.8%. The dominance of emissions in the processing stage highlights inefficiencies in current waste management practices, particularly the use of open ponding systems that allow methane to be released directly into the atmosphere. Recommended mitigation strategies include the implementation of biogas capture technology for POME, optimization of fertilizer application based on crop requirements, and improvement of transportation efficiency. These findings demonstrate that the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach is effective in identifying emission hotspots and provides a scientific basis for developing sustainable strategies in the palm oil agroindustry.